POP and SMTP

After your e-mail client knows your e-mail address, it’s going to need to know where to look for
incoming e-mail and where to send outgoing e-mail.
Your incoming e-mails are going to be on a computer called a POP server. The POP server –
usually named something like pop.smallnetwork.net or mail.smallnetwork.net – has a file on it
that is associated with your e-mail address and which contains e-mails that have been sent to
you from someone else. POP stands for post office protocol.
Your outgoing e-mails will be sent to a computer called a SMTP server. This server – named
smtp.smallnetwork.net – will look at the domain name contained in the e-mail address of any
e-mails that you send, then will perform a DNS lookup to determine which POP3 server it
should send the e-mail to. SMTP stands for simple mail transfer protocol.
When you start up your e-mail client, a number of things happen:
1. the client opens up a network connection to the POP server
2. the client sends your secret password to the POP server
3. the POP server sends your incoming e-mail to your local computer
4. the client sends your outgoing e-mail to the SMTP server.
The first thing to note is that you do not send a password to the SMTP server. SMTP is an old
protocol, designed in the early days of e-mail, at a time when almost everyone on the
Internet knew each other personally. The protocol was written with the assumption that
everyone who would be using it would be trustworthy, so SMTP doesn’t check to ensure that
you are you. Most SMTP servers use other methods to authenticate users, but – in theory –
anyone can use any SMTP server to send e-mail

>POP and SMTP

>After your e-mail client knows your e-mail address, it’s going to need to know where to look for
incoming e-mail and where to send outgoing e-mail.
Your incoming e-mails are going to be on a computer called a POP server. The POP server –
usually named something like pop.smallnetwork.net or mail.smallnetwork.net – has a file on it
that is associated with your e-mail address and which contains e-mails that have been sent to
you from someone else. POP stands for post office protocol.
Your outgoing e-mails will be sent to a computer called a SMTP server. This server – named
smtp.smallnetwork.net – will look at the domain name contained in the e-mail address of any
e-mails that you send, then will perform a DNS lookup to determine which POP3 server it
should send the e-mail to. SMTP stands for simple mail transfer protocol.
When you start up your e-mail client, a number of things happen:
1. the client opens up a network connection to the POP server
2. the client sends your secret password to the POP server
3. the POP server sends your incoming e-mail to your local computer
4. the client sends your outgoing e-mail to the SMTP server.
The first thing to note is that you do not send a password to the SMTP server. SMTP is an old
protocol, designed in the early days of e-mail, at a time when almost everyone on the
Internet knew each other personally. The protocol was written with the assumption that
everyone who would be using it would be trustworthy, so SMTP doesn’t check to ensure that
you are you. Most SMTP servers use other methods to authenticate users, but – in theory –
anyone can use any SMTP server to send e-mail

E-Mails

How E-mail Works ?
Just like airmail is sent through the air, ‘e’-mail is sent through the ‘e’ – the ‘e’ in this case being
the web of electronic connections within and between the networks that make up the
Internet. When you send an e-mail from your computer, the data is sent from your computer
to an SMTP server. The SMTP server then searches for the correct POP3 server and sends your
e-mail to that server, where it waits until your intended recipient retrieves it.

E-mail accounts are available through many different sources. You may get one through
school, through your work or through your ISP. When you get an e-mail account, you will be
given a two part e-mail address, in this form: username@domain.name. The first part,
username identifies you on your network, differentiating you from all the other users on the
network. The second part, domain.name is used to identify your specific network. The
user name must be unique within your network, just as the domain name must be unique
among all the other networks on the Internet. However, user names are not unique outside of
their networks; it is possible for two users on two different networks to share user names. For
example, if there is one user with the address nj12@yahoo.com, there will not be another
user on yahoo.com whose user name is bill. However, nj12@gmail.com andnj12@yahoo.com are both valid e-mail addresses that can refer to different users.

One of the first things that you will do when you are setting up your e-mail is to enter your email
address into your e-mail client program. Your e-mail client is the program that you will use
to send and receive e-mails. Microsoft’s Outlook Express may be the most widely known (since
it comes free with every copy of a Microsoft operating system), but there are many others
available for both Windows and Linux, including Mozilla, Eudora, Thunderbird and Pine.

POP And SMTP

>E-Mails

>How E-mail Works ?
Just like airmail is sent through the air, ‘e’-mail is sent through the ‘e’ – the ‘e’ in this case being
the web of electronic connections within and between the networks that make up the
Internet. When you send an e-mail from your computer, the data is sent from your computer
to an SMTP server. The SMTP server then searches for the correct POP3 server and sends your
e-mail to that server, where it waits until your intended recipient retrieves it.

E-mail accounts are available through many different sources. You may get one through
school, through your work or through your ISP. When you get an e-mail account, you will be
given a two part e-mail address, in this form: username@domain.name. The first part,
username identifies you on your network, differentiating you from all the other users on the
network. The second part, domain.name is used to identify your specific network. The
user name must be unique within your network, just as the domain name must be unique
among all the other networks on the Internet. However, user names are not unique outside of
their networks; it is possible for two users on two different networks to share user names. For
example, if there is one user with the address nj12@yahoo.com, there will not be another
user on yahoo.com whose user name is bill. However, nj12@gmail.com andnj12@yahoo.com are both valid e-mail addresses that can refer to different users.

One of the first things that you will do when you are setting up your e-mail is to enter your email
address into your e-mail client program. Your e-mail client is the program that you will use
to send and receive e-mails. Microsoft’s Outlook Express may be the most widely known (since
it comes free with every copy of a Microsoft operating system), but there are many others
available for both Windows and Linux, including Mozilla, Eudora, Thunderbird and Pine.

POP And SMTP

Good Safety Advice For Your Computer

There are a number of simple things that you can do in order to minimize your risk to Malware.
• Only download from reputable sources ( that means no W4R3Z, please. )
• Don’t open e-mail attachments from people you don’t know.
• Don’t leave macros enabled by default in your applications.
• Keep your OS and applications up to date with patches.
• If downloading and installing software with a checksum – check the checksum.

>Good Safety Advice For Your Computer

>There are a number of simple things that you can do in order to minimize your risk to Malware.
• Only download from reputable sources ( that means no W4R3Z, please. )
• Don’t open e-mail attachments from people you don’t know.
• Don’t leave macros enabled by default in your applications.
• Keep your OS and applications up to date with patches.
• If downloading and installing software with a checksum – check the checksum.

Internet Fact

Internet Fact

  An Internet user has access to a wide variety of services like ,Electronic mail,file transfer etc. No one know exactly how many computers are connected to the Internet. It is certain,however, that these number in the millions. No one is in the charge of the Internet. There are organizations which develop technical aspects of this network and set standards for creating application on it, but no governing body is in control. The Internet backbone, through which Internet traffic flows is owned by private companies.

  All computers on the Internet communicate with one another using the Transmission control Protocol/Internet Protocol suite,abbreviated to TCP/IP. Computers on the Internet use a Client/server architecture. This means that the remote server machine provides files and services to the user’s local client machine. The Internet consists primarily of a variety of access protocols. Many of these protocols feature programs that allow users to search for and retrieve material made available by the protocol.

Here The Components Of The Internet

• The World Wide Web (abbreviated as the WEB or WWW) is a system of Internet severs that supports hypertext to access several Internet protocols on a single interface. Almost every protocol type available on the Internet is accessible on the web like (e-mail,FTP,telnet,Usenet news etc).
• The world wide web has its own protocol Ex : Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, or HTTP. The world wide web provides a single interface for accessing all these protocols. The web is the fastest -growing components of the Internet.
• The operation of the web relies primarily on hypertext as its means of information retrieval. HyperText is a document containing words that connect to other documents. These words are called links and are selectable by the user. A single hypertext document can contain links to many documents. In the context of the web,words or graphics may serve as links to other documents,images, video, and sound. links may or may not follow a logical path, as each connection is programmed by the creator of the source document.
• Producing hypertext for the web is accomplished by creating documents with a language called HyperText Markup language,or HTML. With HTML,tags are placed within the text to accomplish formatting,visual features such as font size, italic and bold, and the creation of hypertext link.
• The world wide web consists of files called pager of home pages, containing links to documents and resources throughout the internet.
• The web provides a vast array of experiences including multimedia presentations,real time collaboration,interactive pages, radio and television broadcasts, and the automatic “push” of information to a client computer.
• Programming languages such as Java,JavaScript,Visual Basic,Cold Fusion And XML are extending the capabilities of the web. A growing amount of information on the web is sever dynamically form content stored in database. The web is therefore not a fixed entity. But one that is in a constant state of development and flux.

• E-MAIL
• Electronic mail, or e-mail, allows computer users locally and worldwide to exchange messages. Each user of e-mail has a mailbox address to which messages are sent. Messages sent through e-mail can arrive within a matter of seconds.
• A powerful aspect of e-mail is the option to send electronic files to a person’s e-mail address. Non-ASCII files, known as binary files, may be attached to e-mail messages. These files are referred to as MIME attachments.MIME stands for Multimedia Internet Mail Extension, and was developed to help e-mail software handle a variety of file types. For example, a document created in Microsoft Word can be attached to an e-mail message and retrieved by the recipient with the appropriate e-mail program. Many e-mail programs, including Eudora, Netscape Messenger, and Microsoft Outlook, offer the ability to read files written in HTML, which is itself a MIME type.
• TELNET
• Telnet is a program that allows you to log into computers on the Internet and use online databases, library catalogs, chat services, and more. There are no graphics in Telnet sessions, just text. To Telnet to a computer, you must know its address. This can consist of words (LOCIS.LOC.GOV) or numbers (140.147.254.3). Some services require you to connect to a specific port on the remote computer. In this case, type the port number after the Internet address. Example: telnet nri.reston.va.us 185.
• Telnet is available on the World Wide Web. Probably the most common Web-based resources available through Telnet have been library catalogs, though most catalogs have since migrated to the Web. A link to a Telnet resource may look like any other link, but it will launch a Telnet session to make the connection. A Telnet program must be installed on your local computer and configured to your Web browser in order to work.
• With the increasing popularity of the Web, Telnet has become less frequently used as a means of access to information on the Internet.
• FTP
• FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. This is both a program and the method used to transfer files between computers. Anonymous FTP is an option that allows users to transfer files from thousands of host computers on the Internet to their personal computer account. FTP sites contain books, articles, software, games, images, sounds, multimedia, course work, data sets, and more.
• If your computer is directly connected to the Internet via an Ethernet cable, you can use one of several PC software programs, such as WS_FTP for Windows, to conduct a file transfer.
• FTP transfers can be performed on the World Wide Web without the need for special software. In this case, the Web browser will suffice. Whenever you download software from a Web site to your local machine, you are using FTP. You can also retrieve FTP files via search engines such as Ftp Find, located at /HTTP://WWW.FTPFIND.COM/. This option is easiest because you do not need to know FTP program commands.
• E-MAIL DISCUSSION GROUPS
• One of the benefits of the Internet is the opportunity it offers to people worldwide to communicate via e-mail. The Internet is home to a large community of individuals who carry out active discussions organized around topic-oriented forums distributed by e-mail. These are administered by software programs. Probably the most common program is the listserv.
• A great variety of topics are covered by listservs, many of them academic in nature. When you subscribe to a listserv, messages from other subscribers are automatically sent to your electronic mailbox. You subscribe to a listserv by sending an e-mail message to a computer program called a listserver. Listservers are located on computer networks throughout the world. This program handles subscription information and distributes messages to and from subscribers. You must have a e-mail account to participate in a listserv discussion group. Visit Tile.net at /HTTP://TILE.NET/ to see an example of a site that offers a searchablecollection of e-mail discussion groups.
• Majordomo and Listproc are two other programs that administer e-mail discussion groups. The commands for subscribing to and managing your list memberships are similar to those of listserv.
• USENET NEWS
• Usenet News is a global electronic bulletin board system in which millions of computer users exchange information on a vast range of topics. The major difference between Usenet News and e-mail discussion groups is the fact that Usenet messages are stored on central computers, and users must connect to these computers to read or download the messages posted to these groups. This is distinct from e-mail distribution, in which messages arrive in the electronic mailboxes of each list member.
• Usenet itself is a set of machines that exchanges messages, or articles, from Usenet discussion forums, called newsgroups. Usenet administrators control their own sites, and decide which (if any) newsgroups to sponsor and which remote newsgroups to allow into the system.
• There are thousands of Usenet newsgroups in existence. While many are academic in nature, numerous newsgroups are organized around recreational topics. Much serious computer-related work takes place in Usenet discussions. A small number of e-mail discussion groups also exist as Usenet newsgroups.
• The Usenet news feed can be read by a variety of newsreader software programs. For example, the Netscape suite comes with a newsreader program called Messenger. Newsreaders are also available as standalone products.
• FAQ, RFC, FYI
• FAQ stands for Frequently Asked Questions. These are periodic postings to Usenet newsgroups that contain a wealth of information related to the topic of the newsgroup. Many FAQs are quite extensive. FAQs are available by subscribing to individual Usenet newsgroups. A Web-based collection of FAQ resources has been collected by The Internet FAQ Consortium and is available at HTTP://WWW.FAQS.ORG/.
• RFC stands for Request for Comments. These are documents created by and distributed to the Internet community to help define the nuts and bolts of the Internet. They contain both technical specifications and general information.
• FYI stands for For Your Information. These notes are a subset of RFCs and contain information of interest to new Internet users.
• Links to indexes of all three of these information resources are available on the University Libraries Web site at /http://library.albany.edu/reference/faqs.html.
• CHAT & INSTANT MESSENGING
• Chat programs allow users on the Internet to communicate with each other by typing in real time. They are sometimes included as a feature of a Web site, where users can log into the “chat room” to exchange comments and information about the topics addressed on the site. Chat may take other, more wide-ranging forms. For example, America Online is well known for sponsoring a number of topical chat rooms.
• Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is a service through which participants can communicate to each other on hundreds of channels. These channels are usually based on specific topics. While many topics are frivolous, substantive conversations are also taking place. To access IRC, you must use an IRC software program.
• A variation of chat is the phenomenon of instant messenging. With instant messenging, a user on the Web can contact another user currently logged in and type a conversation. Most famous is America Online’s Instant Messenger. ICQ, MSN and Yahoo are other commonly-used chat programs.

• Other types of real-time communication are addressed in the tutorial Understanding the World Wide Web.
• MUD/MUSH/MOO/MUCK/DUM/MUSE
• MUD stands for Multi User Dimension. MUDs, and their variations listed above, are multi-user virtual reality games based on simulated worlds. Traditionally text based, graphical MUDs now exist. There are MUDs of all kinds on the Internet, and many can be joined free of charge. For more information, read one of the FAQs devoted to MUDs available at the FAQ site at

>Internet Fact

>

Internet Fact

  An Internet user has access to a wide variety of services like ,Electronic mail,file transfer etc. No one know exactly how many computers are connected to the Internet. It is certain,however, that these number in the millions. No one is in the charge of the Internet. There are organizations which develop technical aspects of this network and set standards for creating application on it, but no governing body is in control. The Internet backbone, through which Internet traffic flows is owned by private companies.

  All computers on the Internet communicate with one another using the Transmission control Protocol/Internet Protocol suite,abbreviated to TCP/IP. Computers on the Internet use a Client/server architecture. This means that the remote server machine provides files and services to the user’s local client machine. The Internet consists primarily of a variety of access protocols. Many of these protocols feature programs that allow users to search for and retrieve material made available by the protocol.

Here The Components Of The Internet

• The World Wide Web (abbreviated as the WEB or WWW) is a system of Internet severs that supports hypertext to access several Internet protocols on a single interface. Almost every protocol type available on the Internet is accessible on the web like (e-mail,FTP,telnet,Usenet news etc).
• The world wide web has its own protocol Ex : Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, or HTTP. The world wide web provides a single interface for accessing all these protocols. The web is the fastest -growing components of the Internet.
• The operation of the web relies primarily on hypertext as its means of information retrieval. HyperText is a document containing words that connect to other documents. These words are called links and are selectable by the user. A single hypertext document can contain links to many documents. In the context of the web,words or graphics may serve as links to other documents,images, video, and sound. links may or may not follow a logical path, as each connection is programmed by the creator of the source document.
• Producing hypertext for the web is accomplished by creating documents with a language called HyperText Markup language,or HTML. With HTML,tags are placed within the text to accomplish formatting,visual features such as font size, italic and bold, and the creation of hypertext link.
• The world wide web consists of files called pager of home pages, containing links to documents and resources throughout the internet.
• The web provides a vast array of experiences including multimedia presentations,real time collaboration,interactive pages, radio and television broadcasts, and the automatic “push” of information to a client computer.
• Programming languages such as Java,JavaScript,Visual Basic,Cold Fusion And XML are extending the capabilities of the web. A growing amount of information on the web is sever dynamically form content stored in database. The web is therefore not a fixed entity. But one that is in a constant state of development and flux.

• E-MAIL
• Electronic mail, or e-mail, allows computer users locally and worldwide to exchange messages. Each user of e-mail has a mailbox address to which messages are sent. Messages sent through e-mail can arrive within a matter of seconds.
• A powerful aspect of e-mail is the option to send electronic files to a person’s e-mail address. Non-ASCII files, known as binary files, may be attached to e-mail messages. These files are referred to as MIME attachments.MIME stands for Multimedia Internet Mail Extension, and was developed to help e-mail software handle a variety of file types. For example, a document created in Microsoft Word can be attached to an e-mail message and retrieved by the recipient with the appropriate e-mail program. Many e-mail programs, including Eudora, Netscape Messenger, and Microsoft Outlook, offer the ability to read files written in HTML, which is itself a MIME type.
• TELNET
• Telnet is a program that allows you to log into computers on the Internet and use online databases, library catalogs, chat services, and more. There are no graphics in Telnet sessions, just text. To Telnet to a computer, you must know its address. This can consist of words (LOCIS.LOC.GOV) or numbers (140.147.254.3). Some services require you to connect to a specific port on the remote computer. In this case, type the port number after the Internet address. Example: telnet nri.reston.va.us 185.
• Telnet is available on the World Wide Web. Probably the most common Web-based resources available through Telnet have been library catalogs, though most catalogs have since migrated to the Web. A link to a Telnet resource may look like any other link, but it will launch a Telnet session to make the connection. A Telnet program must be installed on your local computer and configured to your Web browser in order to work.
• With the increasing popularity of the Web, Telnet has become less frequently used as a means of access to information on the Internet.
• FTP
• FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. This is both a program and the method used to transfer files between computers. Anonymous FTP is an option that allows users to transfer files from thousands of host computers on the Internet to their personal computer account. FTP sites contain books, articles, software, games, images, sounds, multimedia, course work, data sets, and more.
• If your computer is directly connected to the Internet via an Ethernet cable, you can use one of several PC software programs, such as WS_FTP for Windows, to conduct a file transfer.
• FTP transfers can be performed on the World Wide Web without the need for special software. In this case, the Web browser will suffice. Whenever you download software from a Web site to your local machine, you are using FTP. You can also retrieve FTP files via search engines such as Ftp Find, located at /HTTP://WWW.FTPFIND.COM/. This option is easiest because you do not need to know FTP program commands.
• E-MAIL DISCUSSION GROUPS
• One of the benefits of the Internet is the opportunity it offers to people worldwide to communicate via e-mail. The Internet is home to a large community of individuals who carry out active discussions organized around topic-oriented forums distributed by e-mail. These are administered by software programs. Probably the most common program is the listserv.
• A great variety of topics are covered by listservs, many of them academic in nature. When you subscribe to a listserv, messages from other subscribers are automatically sent to your electronic mailbox. You subscribe to a listserv by sending an e-mail message to a computer program called a listserver. Listservers are located on computer networks throughout the world. This program handles subscription information and distributes messages to and from subscribers. You must have a e-mail account to participate in a listserv discussion group. Visit Tile.net at /HTTP://TILE.NET/ to see an example of a site that offers a searchablecollection of e-mail discussion groups.
• Majordomo and Listproc are two other programs that administer e-mail discussion groups. The commands for subscribing to and managing your list memberships are similar to those of listserv.
• USENET NEWS
• Usenet News is a global electronic bulletin board system in which millions of computer users exchange information on a vast range of topics. The major difference between Usenet News and e-mail discussion groups is the fact that Usenet messages are stored on central computers, and users must connect to these computers to read or download the messages posted to these groups. This is distinct from e-mail distribution, in which messages arrive in the electronic mailboxes of each list member.
• Usenet itself is a set of machines that exchanges messages, or articles, from Usenet discussion forums, called newsgroups. Usenet administrators control their own sites, and decide which (if any) newsgroups to sponsor and which remote newsgroups to allow into the system.
• There are thousands of Usenet newsgroups in existence. While many are academic in nature, numerous newsgroups are organized around recreational topics. Much serious computer-related work takes place in Usenet discussions. A small number of e-mail discussion groups also exist as Usenet newsgroups.
• The Usenet news feed can be read by a variety of newsreader software programs. For example, the Netscape suite comes with a newsreader program called Messenger. Newsreaders are also available as standalone products.
• FAQ, RFC, FYI
• FAQ stands for Frequently Asked Questions. These are periodic postings to Usenet newsgroups that contain a wealth of information related to the topic of the newsgroup. Many FAQs are quite extensive. FAQs are available by subscribing to individual Usenet newsgroups. A Web-based collection of FAQ resources has been collected by The Internet FAQ Consortium and is available at HTTP://WWW.FAQS.ORG/.
• RFC stands for Request for Comments. These are documents created by and distributed to the Internet community to help define the nuts and bolts of the Internet. They contain both technical specifications and general information.
• FYI stands for For Your Information. These notes are a subset of RFCs and contain information of interest to new Internet users.
• Links to indexes of all three of these information resources are available on the University Libraries Web site at /http://library.albany.edu/reference/faqs.html.
• CHAT & INSTANT MESSENGING
• Chat programs allow users on the Internet to communicate with each other by typing in real time. They are sometimes included as a feature of a Web site, where users can log into the “chat room” to exchange comments and information about the topics addressed on the site. Chat may take other, more wide-ranging forms. For example, America Online is well known for sponsoring a number of topical chat rooms.
• Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is a service through which participants can communicate to each other on hundreds of channels. These channels are usually based on specific topics. While many topics are frivolous, substantive conversations are also taking place. To access IRC, you must use an IRC software program.
• A variation of chat is the phenomenon of instant messenging. With instant messenging, a user on the Web can contact another user currently logged in and type a conversation. Most famous is America Online’s Instant Messenger. ICQ, MSN and Yahoo are other commonly-used chat programs.

• Other types of real-time communication are addressed in the tutorial Understanding the World Wide Web.
• MUD/MUSH/MOO/MUCK/DUM/MUSE
• MUD stands for Multi User Dimension. MUDs, and their variations listed above, are multi-user virtual reality games based on simulated worlds. Traditionally text based, graphical MUDs now exist. There are MUDs of all kinds on the Internet, and many can be joined free of charge. For more information, read one of the FAQs devoted to MUDs available at the FAQ site at